2024年高考真题及答案（优秀2篇）
2024年高考已落下帷幕，考生们翘首以盼的真题及答案新鲜出炉！这里汇聚了各学科的高考真题与详细答案解析，为考生们提供精准评估的依据，也为学弟学妹们开启备考的灯塔。快来一探究竟，回顾这场知识的盛宴，见证青春拼搏的成果，开启新的学习篇章。
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷 1
英语
本试卷共12页。考试结束后， 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项： 1. 答题前， 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚， 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2. 选择题必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂； 非选择题必须使用 0.5 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写， 字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答， 超出答题区域书写的答案无效； 在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4. 作图可先使用铅笔画出， 确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5. 保持卡面清洁， 不要折叠， 不要弄破、弄皱， 不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分 听力（1—20 小题）在笔试结束后进行。
注意事项： 英语听力共两节，20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例： How much is the shirt?
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是 C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the woman do yesterday evening?
A. She watched TV. B. She went shopping. C. She attended a show.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Did you watch the talent show on TV last night?
W: No, I missed it. I went with my mom to buy some clothes.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the man’s suggestion?
A. Taking a rest. B. Going for a coffee. C. Having a snack.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I love this park. It’s so beautiful.
M: It surely is. Are you tired? Shall we stop by the lake for a few minutes?
W: Good idea. Let’s go to that cafe for a little refreshment.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A weekend plan. B. A wedding invitation. C. A business deal.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Tom, shall we invite the Smiths around for dinner this Sunday?
M: Sure, but I need to pack for Monday’s business trip. What about Saturday?
W: Okay.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where is Barbara going tonight?
A. To a gym. B. To her grandma’s. C. To the doctor’s.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Barbara, do you want to play table tennis with us tonight?
W: I’d love to, but I can’t. I’m catching the last train to Denver to see my grandma. I need to take her to visit a doctor tomorrow morning.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is Alex doing?
A. He’s having breakfast. B. He’s feeding a cat. C. He’s reading a book.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Alex, did you feed the cat this morning? I don’t think she can wait.
M: All right. After I finish this chapter, I just can’t let go of this book.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a fitness center. B. In a sports shop. C. In a clinic.
7. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Buy high-quality sportswear.
B. Keep working out regularly.
C. Avoid over-exercising.
【答案】53. A 54. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Miss, do you need any help?
W: I want to get fit, but exercise doesn’t seem to help.
M: What kind of exercise have you done before?
W: I did jogging now and then but it was so boring, so I changed to weightlifting. But it was so demanding, and I was afraid of getting injured, so I went bike riding.
M: Oh, I see. You need to be consistent. I suggest you do different kinds of exercise on one day or on different days of the week. This will help hold your interest, so you can keep coming back.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Why does the man make the call?
A. To reserve a table. B. To ask about a party. C. To postpone a meeting.
9. What time should the man arrive on Friday evening?
A. At 5:30. B. At 6:30. C. At 8:00.
10. What is the man’s name?
A. Brown. B. Anderson. C. Howard.
【答案】55. A 56. C 57. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Brown’s Grill. How may I help you?
M: Hi, I’d like to book a table for Friday evening.
W: Okay, how many people are there in your party?
M: There will be six.
W: And what time would you like to come?
M: Let’s say at... 6:30.
W: I’m afraid we don’t have anything available then. We could see you at 5:30 or 8:00.
M: Oh, 8:00 is better.
W: Fine. May I have your name?
M: Yes, it’s Anderson.
W: Thank you. We’ll see you on Friday. By the way, we’ve moved to Howard Street.
M: Oh, yeah, I know. Thanks.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. Why does Sarah come to talk to Jacob?
A. To make an appointment. B. To seek his advice. C. To explain a decision.
12. How many people are there in Sarah’s group?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
13. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Fellow workers. C. Teacher and student.
【答案】58. C 59. B 60. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Jacob, do you have a minute now?
M: Sure.
W: Well, it’s not easy to say, but I have to tell you, you’re not in our group for the class project.
M: Sarah, what do you mean? You know, I’m always in a group with you.
W: I know, it’s just that this time..., this time we made the group differently. And because you were late, we’ve already made the group. See, there are four of us already.
M: so? we can’t be a group of five?
W: Well, Professor North said there should be no more than four people in each group. It’s not about you or your work or anything like that.
M: Okay, but please count me in next time.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. How often does the band come to perform in the park?
A. Three times a year. B. Once a year. C. Every other year.
15. What kind of music will be played this evening?
A. Country music. B. Jazz. C. Rock and roll.
16. What will Jannie do next?
A. Catch a bus. B. Listen to a lecture. C. Go to the library.
【答案】61. B 62. A 63. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Jannie, where are you going?
W: To the library.
M: There is a music concert in Victoria Park at 4 o’clock. Do you want to go?
W: Yes, Professor Darwin’s lecture is cancelled. I’m free this evening.
M: Great. The band plays pretty good music. For the last 3 years, I have never missed it.
W: How long ago did the band start playing in the park?
M: I think it was 5 years ago. Every year they arrive the first week of July and play for a week. You’re sure to enjoy this evening. There will be good country music.
W: My favorite is rock and roll, but I have to say that country music can be quite beautiful sometimes.
M: I like all kinds of music, especially jazz. Oh, Jannie, we have to go now.
W: Why? There’s plenty of time.
M: Many people are heading to the park. The traffic will be terrible.
W: All right, but I have to return these books first.
M: Okay. I’ll be waiting for you at the bus station.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Why did the speaker go to the hotel?
A. To deliver a speech.
B. To arrange a conference.
C. To interview Mr. Rochester.
18. What did Mr. Rochester do soon after he bought the hotel?
A. He talked with the staff members.
B. He had the old carpets replaced.
C. He ran a six-month training project.
19. What did Susan do when she met Mr. Rochester the second time?
A. She was a cleaner. B. She was a secretary. C. She was a receptionist.
20. What does the speaker think is key to Mr. Rochester’s success?
A. Managing time efficiently.
B. Valuing human relationships.
C. Possessing a good memory.
【答案】64. B 65. A 66. C 67. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Good morning, everyone. This lesson is a part of our leadership series. Let me start by sharing a story of Richard Rochester, one of the most successful businessmen in Britain. Years ago, I was given the task of organizing a conference in the south of England. I chose a five-star hotel owned by Rochester as the venue. Susan, the receptionist, helped me arrange everything perfectly. Once when we were chatting, I asked Susan if she’d ever met Mr. Rochester. She said yes. Shortly after Mr. Rochester bought the hotel, he made an appointment to see the hotel manager. When he arrived, the first person he met was Susan, who was cleaning the carpet. He chatted with Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment with the manager. He spent all day at the hotel talking with each member of the staff, from the top guy to the lady who cleaned the toilets. Six months later, Mr. Rochester paid another visit. Susan had been promoted to receptionist, but he recognized her immediately and addressed her by name. He even remembered that she had a little girl and what her name was. Now, I don’t believe that Richard Rochester has that good memory. He must have written a lot of notes after his first visit and read them over again before that second visit. It’s time-consuming, but it shows the importance he places on human relationships. I think that’s one of the secrets of his success.
第二部分 阅读（共两节， 满分50分）
第一节（共15 小题； 每小题 2.5 分， 满分 37.5分）
阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1 — The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
1. Which walk takes the shortest time?
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What do the four walks have in common?
A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duration (步行时间)”部分比较可知，“Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5小时，用时最短。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D项。
B
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit?
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
4. Why did BART start the kiosk program?
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?
A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
6. What has Trost been doing recently?
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART的未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的书报亭，然后你就 故选A项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们 ”)”可知，Trost认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。
C
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
9. What information does the convenient app offer?
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
10. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
11. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
D
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
13. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的。特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题； 每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
●___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。
【16题详解】
前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我 故选B。
【17题详解】
前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选� 故选C。
【18题详解】
前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”符合语境。故选E。
19题详解】
空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
【20题详解】
前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节， 满分30分）
第一节（共15小题； 每小题1分， 满分15分）
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didnt think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___21___, Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___25___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___26___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___27___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. Its these small ___28___ of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my ___29___ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional ____30____, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ____31____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always ____33____ by laughter and joy. Whatever ____34____ life in Italy might have, the problems are ____35____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
21. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle
22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened
23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised
25. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test
26. A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed
27. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order
28. A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties
29. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth
30. A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale
31. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
33. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied
34. A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities
35. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析，句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent租金；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析，句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析，句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析，句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析，句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析，句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析，句意：作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知，此处指做这是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析，句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都保存着代代相传的食谱。A. costume服装；B. dish菜肴；C. symbol符号；D. tale故事。根据上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合；B. cheer欢呼；C. leave留下；D. wait等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with克服；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析，句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled示意；B. confirmed确认；C. represented 代表；D. accompanied伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accompany by”译为“伴随”。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析，句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. disadvantages缺点；B. meanings含义；C. surprises惊喜；D. opportunities机会。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析，句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. created创建；B. forgotten忘记；C. understood理解；D. identified确认。根据上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快。故选B。
第二节（共10 小题； 每小题 1.5 分， 满分15分）
阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【答案】36. who
37. themes 38. were
39. to 40. inspired
41. was built
42. visibility
43. to find
44. Recalling
45. and
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【37题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
【38题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。
【39题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
【41题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。
第四部分 写作（共两节， 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
（1）你完成的作品；
（2）你的感想。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Chris
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.
In a word, it was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给Chris写一封信， 分享在公园上美术课的经历。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
决定：decide→determine
整个的：entire→whole
提供：offer→provide
总之：in a word→in short
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
拓展句：Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers.
【点睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. (that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引导的时间状语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadnt heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry."
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
Para 1
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.
Para 2
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在一次因风暴延误的旅途中，匆忙搭乘出租车前往车站赶最后一班去布拉格的公共汽车。司机冈特不熟悉车站位置，通过电话求助后顺利抵达。到达时作者却发现自己没带现金，尝试用葡萄牙银行卡支付没有成功，而车站的取款机也故障了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我跑回到冈特那里，告诉他这个坏消息。”可知，第一段可描写作者留下冈特的电话，承诺会还钱给对方，冈特同意，最终作者及时登上了公共汽车。
②由第二段首句内容“四天后，当我回到维也纳时，我按照承诺给冈特打了电话。”可知，第二段可描写作者付费给冈特，并向对方表示感激，两
2.续写线索：作者给出解决办法——承诺还钱——冈特同意——作者登上公共汽车——履行承诺还钱——两
材料一：
（四五）中国由劣势到平衡到优势，日本由优势到平衡到劣势，中国由防御到相持到反攻，日本由进攻到保守到退却——这就是中日战争的过程，中日战争的必然趋势。
（四六）于是问题和结论是：中国会亡吗？答复：不会亡，最后胜利是中国的。中国能够速胜吗？答复：不能速胜，必须是持久战。这个结论是正确的吗？我以为是正确的。
（四七）讲到这里，亡国论和妥协论者又将跑出来说：中国由劣势到平衡，需要有同日本相等的军力和经济力；由平衡到优势，需要有超过日本的军力和经济力；然而这是不可能的，因此上述结论是不正确的。
（四八）这就是所谓“唯武器论”，是战争问题中的机械论，是主观地和片面地看问题的意见。我们的意见与此相反，不但看到武器，而且看到人力。武器是战争的重要的因素，但不是决定的因素，决定的因素是人不是物。
力量对比不但是军力和经济力的对比，而且是人力和人心的对比。军力和经济力是要人去掌握的。如果中国人的大多数、日本人的大多数、世界各国人的大多数是站在抗日战争方面的话，那末，日本少数人强制地掌握着的军力和经济力，还能算是优势吗？它不是优势，那么，掌握比较劣势的军力和经济力的中国，不就成了优势吗？没有疑义，中国只要坚持抗战和坚持统一战线，其军力和经济力是能够逐渐地加强的。而我们的敌人，经过长期战争和内外矛盾的削弱，其军力和经济力又必然要起相反的变化。在这种情况下，难道中国也不能变成优势吗？还不止此，目前我们不能把别国的军力和经济力大量地公开地算作自己方面的力量，难道将来也不能吗？如果日本的敌人不止中国一个，如果将来有一国或几国以其相当大量的军力和经济力公开地防御或攻击日本，公开地援助我们，那末，优势不更在我们一方面吗？日本是小国，其战争是退步的和野蛮的，其国际地位将益处于孤立；中国是大国，其战争是进步的和正义的，其国际地位将益处于多助。所有这些，经过长期发展，难道还不能使敌我优劣的形势确定地发生变化吗？
（摘自毛泽东《论持久战》）
材料二：
1938年5月，毛泽东发表著名的《论持久战》，系统阐述了关于持久战的战略思想。
首先，毛泽东分析了中国实施持久战的外部原因。他说：“中日战争不是任何别的战争，乃是半殖民地半封建的中国和帝国主义的日本之间在二十世纪三十年代进行的一个决死的战争。”他列举了中日双方“互相反对”的四个特点。除战争的正义、非正义，以及与此相关的寡助、多助问题外，他特别强调了敌强我弱和敌小我大的问题。日本的强，表现在它的军力、经济力和政治组织力，这就决定了中国的抗日战争不能很快取得胜利。日本的小，表现在国度小，其人力、军力、财力、物力均经不起长期战争的消耗，这就决定了中国可以通过持久战而最终打败日本。
其次，毛泽东分析了中国实施持久战的内部条件。这个条件是什么？简单地说，就是把已经发动的抗战发展为全面的全民族的抗战。毛泽东以“兵民是胜利之本”为标题，专门论述了全面抗战和全民族抗战的观点。关于军队，他强调要把政治精神贯注于军队之中，这样才能激发官兵最大限度的抗战热忱。关于民众，他提出“战争的伟力之最深厚的根源，存在于民众之中”。共产党一直把“放手发动群众，壮大人民力量”作为自己的抗战路线，人民战争理论的科学性也得到了广泛印证。
以毛泽东为首的中国共产党人，不仅提出了抗日持久战战略，而且具体阐释了实施抗日持久战的方法。毛泽东指出，在中国大而弱、日本小而强的情况下敌人可以占地甚广，却在占领地留下很多空虚的地方，“因此抗日游击战争就主要地不是在内线配合正规军的战役作战，而是在外线单独作战”。毛泽东还具体分析了游击战的战略内容、游击战与正规战的配合等问题。在这一思想指导下，共产党领导的军队在敌后广泛展开游击战争，卓有成效地牵制与消耗日军，发挥了巨大战略作用。
有一种说法，认为抗日持久战的思想不是毛泽东最早提出的。这种说法主要依据蒋百里、陈诚等人的言论，蒋介石也有过“持久消耗战”的言论。这种认识都源于一个客观存在，即中国是一个落后大国，日本是一个先进小国。承认这个客观存在的人，并不需要特别的先见之明，就会得出中日战争将是持久战的结论。
但是，仅仅看到由客观条件造成的抗日战争的持久性，还远远不是抗日持久战的战略思想。蒋介石等人缺乏对中国与世界关系以及世界格局演变的辩证思考，因此他们对所谓“持久”的把握往往脱离实际，盲目地寄希望于西方国家的调停或干预。而中国共产党的持久战思想，是建立在对与战争相关的一切外部与内部复杂因素进行深刻分析的基础之上的，对于战争不同阶段的关系、战略持久与战役速决的关系等，都有完整的科学分析。因此它的持久战战略，既不
（摘编自荣维木《中国共产党抗日持久战的战略与实践》）
1. 下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 《论持久战》在分析抗战走势时，并未局限于中日两国，而是展现出对世界整体局势变化的。宏观把握。
B. 落后大国面对先进小国的侵略，不可能速胜，必然要经历由劣势到平衡、由平衡到优势的持久战争过程。
C. “不但看到武器，而且看到人力”，指在承认军力和经济力差距的前提下，相信人力和人心才是胜利之本。
D. 中国共产党抗日持久战思想不只体现在判断抗战将会长久，更体现在对战争走向作出了全面科学的分析。
2. 根据材料内容，下列说法不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 日本军力和经济力并不占优势，因为它们仅仅掌握在日本少数人的手中。
B. 抗日游击战要更多承担外线单独作战的任务，这是当时战争的客观形势决定的。
C. 抗战整体进程是持久的，不过具体到某一场战役，也可根据实际情况速战速决。
D. 中国共产党提出的抗日持久战相信得道多助，也愿意接受国际力量的援助。
3. 下列选项符合材料二中实施持久战的“内部条件”的一项是（ ）
A. 敌虽强，但敌之强已为其他不利的因素所减杀。
B. 除东三省等地外，敌人实际只能占领大城市、大道和某些平地。
C. 中国的短处是战争力量之弱，而其长处则在其战争本质的进步性和正义性。
D. 动员了全国的老百姓，就造成了陷敌于灭顶之灾的汪洋大海。
4. 材料一多处使用了设问句和反问句，请简要分析其论证效果。
（二）现代文阅读Ⅱ（本题共4小题，16分）
阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
放牛记
徐则臣
我现在想不起我何时开始了放牛娃的生涯，又在哪一天彻底结束了这种生活。我很小就羡慕那些吆喝牛马的孩子，觉得他们是豪放粗犷的英雄。而我只是个温顺的可怜虫，总是衣裤整齐，指甲干净，不剃光头，站在他们身边像个走亲戚的陌生人。我想和他们一样，只穿一条小裤衩，光着上身和脚，晒成黑铁蛋，坐在光溜溜的水牛背上挥舞自制的长鞭，雄赳赳气昂昂向野地里进发。能够大喊大叫，可以随地撒尿，无视课堂和作业，遇到仇人要打的架一个都不落下，轻易就能滚出来一身泥。我想当个野孩子，所以，很早我就怂恿父亲买一头牛。
我家的确需要一头牛。父亲是医生，农忙时经常搭不上手；祖父祖母年纪大了，体力活儿也帮不上忙；我和姐姐都小，还要念书；十亩田都要母亲一个人对付，运粮食时都没个帮手。父亲决定买牛，哪怕只用来拉车。
买牛的那天我记得，你能想象我的激动。在下午，我和父亲去两里外的邻村牵牛，已经提前谈好了价。在邻村的中心路边，我头一次见到锯木厂，在一间大屋里，电锯冲开木料的声音在午后的热空气里格外尖利，几乎能看见那声音在闪耀着银光。我停下来看阴影里的锯木厂，横七竖八堆满了木料，新鲜的木头味道和锯末一起飞溅出来。
那头小母牛还小，吃奶的时候还要哼哼唧唧地叫，长得憨厚天真，我很喜欢。主人是个中年男人，说：回去调教半年，就能干活。他给小牛结了一个简单的辔头，缰绳递给我们，我们就把牛牵出了门。
小牛屁颠屁颠地跟着我们走，出了村才感觉不对，开始茫然地叫，表情如同迷途的小孩。一路仄着身子走，拧巴着被牵到我家。这一路走得我兴奋又纠结，想牵不敢，摸它一下，摸完了赶紧撤，怕它踢。当然后来我知道，再没有比水牛更温驯的动物了。
我经历了把一头小牛训练成壮劳力的全过程。换辔头，套车，驾辕，用声音和缰绳指挥行止，扎鼻眼，犁地，耙地。几年以后，我基本上成了老把式，可以一个人铡草、套车、驾辕，运送满满一车的粮食走在窄路上。我知道它回头看我是什么意思，知道它抬尾巴摇屁股想干什么。当然，这对我来说是副产品，我想说的还是放牛。
在当时，放牛部分地满足了我的少年英雄梦，让一个必须规整地生活的少年有了一个旁逸斜出的机会。就算现在，我也
放牛都在夏天，放了暑假我才有时间。三伏天的午后太阳高悬，蚂蚁都被晒蒙了，晕晕乎乎爬出的全是曲线；如果要去远处找水草丰茂的地方，那我就得早早地从午睡中爬起来，戴上草帽出门。我直犯困，遇到树荫就不想再动，尤其经过河边，看那些戏水的同伴，你真觉得放牛实在是个负担。让人烦的还有一个，大雨天。这不是放牛的好时候，但牛出不去你得出去，割草，干不干活你都得让它每天吃饱；家里自也备了干草，只是大夏天的芳草萋萋，你不让它吃新鲜的，不人道也不牛道。还是得穿雨衣戴斗笠挎篮子割草去。漫天雨雾，汤汤水水的野地里就你一个人，蹲在草丛里形同消失，像我这种动不动就悲观的人，常常会觉得自己被这个世界遗弃了，那感觉也不太好。
不过这样的时候毕竟少，英雄主义的少年时代总体上是乐观向上的——放牛的确是件好玩的事。野地自由，有种无所事事的、透明的自然与放松。放牛通常是集体行动，几个放牛娃排成队伍往村外走，大家都坐在牛背上，屁股底下垫条麻袋。水牛走起来浑身都在动，骑牛更像坐轿子。后面的人打前面的牛屁股，一个跟着一个跑起来，六七头牛，都在撅着屁股跑，那队伍看起来很壮观。牛一跑，大肚子就扑扇扑扇地抖，活像巨大的金鱼腮在鼓鼓瘪瘪地呼吸。如果你是新手，最好抓住缰绳，夹紧两腿，能抱住牛脖子更好，否则你随时可能掉下去。有天黄昏，牧童晚归，我骑在牛背上慢悠悠往家走，有人对着牛屁股猛的一巴掌，受了惊的牛撅起屁股就跑，我手里还抱着自己做的一根竹笛在专心地找音，连缰绳都没抓，牛一屁股把我送到了右前方的水沟里，半个脑袋扎进了淤泥。
如果真要找一点和其他放牛娃的不同，可能就是我放牛经常带本书。很多武侠小说都是在坟地里看的。乱坟岗子里草好，把缰绳缠到牛角上让它们自己吃去，我们找个形状合适的坟堆，铺上麻袋就着坟势躺下来，翘起二郎腿。想睡觉的睡觉，想唱歌的唱歌，想发呆的发呆；我想看书，从兜里拽出一本武侠小说来。清风徐来，头顶有松树遮阴，天上流云飞动，此时看武侠，几等于尘嚣皆忘，那一个白衣飘飘的侠义世界美不胜收——大虚乃是大实，大无中有大有。
放牛给了我一个几近完美的少年时代，放松，自由，融入野地里，跟自然和大地曾经如此贴近。我在放牛时没能让自己成为一个野孩子，或者说没能成为我希望的那样的野孩子，不知道这个结果是好还是坏。往事总在回忆时被赋予意义，在放牛这个经历上，我更愿意就事论事，返回到当年的心境里，看一看当时的悲欢和忧乐。
6. 下列对文本相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，正确的一项是（ ）
A. 父亲决定买牛，除了确属生产需要，也想让儿子跟其他孩子一起放牛，以改变他“像个走亲戚的陌生人”那样不合群的性格。
B. 作为一个曾经的“老把式”，“我”却认为驭牛的诸般本领都只是“副产品”，只有放牛那种“旁逸斜出”的生活才是“我”最想谈论的。
C. 大雨天里为牛割草的情形，让“我”意识到自己是一个“悲观”之人，可见放牛生活对“我”思想意识的养成有着至关重要的意义。
D. 文中记述“我”在乱坟岗子里看武侠小说，是有意以环境的阴森怪异来映衬看武侠的乐趣，也凸显出“尘嚣皆忘”的读书境界。
7. 关于文中锯木厂这个段落，下列说法不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 买牛让“我”格外激动，因此买牛那天的相关情景在“我”的记忆里依然生动鲜活。
B. 两里外邻村路边的锯木厂，对那时的“我”来说，俨然一个陌生而刺激的新天地。
C. 这个段落看似闲笔，实则以先抑后扬的手法来突出下文“我”的“兴奋又纠结”。
D. 这段文字里弥漫着热、声、光影、气味，营造出记忆中少年旧事那独特的气息。
8. 文章为何说“放牛给了我一个几近完美的少年时代”？
9. 文末画线的句子表明，作者不愿在回忆往事时为放牛“赋予意义”。�
二、古代诗文阅读（35分）
（一）文言文阅读（本题共5小题，22分）
阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。
材料一：
李广有孙陵，为侍中，善骑射。帝以为有广之风，使教射酒泉、张掖以备胡。及贰师击匈奴[注]，陵叩头自请曰：“臣所将屯边者，皆荆楚勇士奇材剑客也。愿得自当一队，到兰干山南以分单于兵，毋令专乡贰师军。臣愿以少击众，步兵五千人涉单于庭。”上壮而许之。陵至浚稽山，与单于相值，骑可三万围陵军。陵搏战攻之，虏还走上山，汉军追击，杀数千人。单于大惊，召八万余骑攻陵。陵军步斗树木间，复杀数千人。陵居谷中，虏在山上，四面射，矢如雨下。士卒多死，不得行。陵曰：“无面目报陛下！”遂降。上怒甚，群臣皆罪陵。上以问太史令司马迁，迁盛言：“陵事亲孝，与士信，常奋不顾身以徇国家之急，其素所畜积也，有国士之风。且陵提步卒不满五千，深蹂戎马之地，抑数万之师。身虽陷败，然其所摧败亦足暴于天下。彼之不死，宜欲得当以报汉也。”上以迁为诬罔，下迁腐刑。久之，上悔陵无救。上遣（公孙）敖深入匈奴迎李陵，敖军无功还，因曰：“捕得生口，言李陵教单于为兵以备汉军。”上于是族陵家。既而闻之，乃汉将降匈奴者李绪，非陵也。陵使人刺杀绪，大阏氏欲杀陵，单于匿之北方。大阏氏死，乃还。单于以女妻陵，立为右校王，与卫律皆贵用事。卫律常在单于左右；陵居外，有大事乃入议。（征和三年）三月，遣李广利将七万人出五原，击匈奴。匈奴使大将与李陵将三万余骑追汉军，转战九日。
（节选自《资治通鉴·汉纪》）
材料二：
李陵之降也，罪较著而不可掩。如谓其孤军支虏而无援，则以步卒五千出塞，陵自炫其勇，而非武帝命之不获辞也。陵之族也，则嫁其祸于李绪；迨其后李广利征匈奴，陵将三万余骑追汉军，转战九日，亦将委罪于绪乎？如曰陵受单于之制，不得不追奔转战者，匈奴岂伊无可信之人？令陵有两袒之心，单于亦何能信陵而委以重兵，使深入而与汉将相持乎！迁之为陵文过若不及，而抑称道李广于不绝，以奖其世业。为将而降降而为之效死以战虽欲浣涤其污而已缁之素不可复白。大节丧，则余无可浣也。李陵曰“思一得当以报汉”，愧苏武而为之辞也。其背逆也，固非迁之所得而文焉者也。
（节选自王夫之《读通鉴论》卷三）
[注]贰师，指汉代贰师将军李广利。
10. 材料中画波浪线的部分有三处需要断句，请用铅笔将答题卡上相应位置的答案标号涂黑。
为将而降A降而为之B效死C以战D虽欲浣E涤其污F而已G缁之素不可复白。
11. 下列对材料中加点的词语及相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 壮，认为……豪壮，意动用法，与《老子》“不贵难得之货”的“贵”用法相同。
B. 亲，父母，可偏指父或母，与《孔雀东南飞》“我有亲父兄”的“亲”意思不相同。
C. “彼之不死”与《爱莲说》“予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染”的“之”用法不相同。
D. 迨，等到，与《项脊轩志》“迨诸父异爨”的“迨”字意思相同。
12. 下列对材料有关内容的概述，不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 李陵擅长骑马射箭，受命在酒泉、张掖训练军队。李广利出击匈奴时，李陵请求以少击众，率五千步卒深入单于王庭，王夫
B. 李陵遭遇单于三万人马，奋力作战，单于震恐，召八万人围攻李陵，李陵率军杀敌数千。对于李陵的战功，司马迁称赞他虽败犹荣，而王夫之则未置一词。
C. 李陵投降后，武帝大怒，司马迁竭力替李陵辩白。王夫之认为，司马迁这样做的原因，是担心如果不及时为李陵掩饰罪过，就会损害李广的声誉。
D. 武帝误信李陵帮助匈奴训练军队，诛杀李陵家族，其实帮助匈奴的是李绪。王夫之认为，即便灭族之祸可以归罪于李绪，李陵的罪责也无可推卸。
13. 把材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（1）愿得自当一队，到兰干山南以分单于兵，毋令专乡贰师军。
（2）李陵曰“思一得当以报汉”，愧苏武而为之辞也。其背逆也，固非迁之所得而文焉者也。
14. 王夫之强调李陵“大节丧，则余无可浣也”，材料一有哪些事实可以支持王夫之的观点？请简要概括。
（二）古代诗歌阅读（本题共2小题，9分）
阅读下面这首宋诗，完成下面小题。
宿千岁庵听泉
刘克庄
因爱庵前一脉泉，襥衾来此借房眠。
骤闻将谓溪当户，久听翻疑屋是船。
变作怒声犹壮伟，滴成细点更清圆。
君看昔日兰亭帖，亦把湍流替管弦。
15. 下列对这首诗理解和赏析，不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 诗的开头交代，诗人之所以会到千岁庵借宿，是出于对庵前泉水的喜爱。
B. 诗歌主要是从听觉的角度来描写泉流，与题目中的“听泉”二字相切合。
C. 诗人雅趣与古人相通，在听泉的时候，联想到昔日曲水流觞的兰亭雅集。
D. 诗人与兰亭诸贤一样，都把对音乐之美的追求寄托于山水而摒弃了乐器。
16. 本诗采用了对比手法，颈联写泉水的声音既响亮又微小，请结合诗句简要分析。
（三）名篇名句默写（本题共1小题，6分）
17. 补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
（1）《屈原列传》“___________，____________”描写寻常事物须从宏大意象列举表达深远意蕴。
（2）《归园田居·其一》“_____________，____________”表示栽种多种树木受到喜爱。
（3）唐代诗人写时事，常常托之于汉代，如“___________，___________”借汉喻唐，以古喻今。
三、语言文字运用（本题共5小题，18分）
阅读文字，完成下面小题。
当你觉得劳累而懒得说话，情绪、胃口不佳且脑子不转时，往往是身体在提醒你：“电量已经触底，需要立即充电。”常用的充电方式，包括合理睡眠、适度运动、调整饮食等多种，其中睡眠最为重要。①如果睡眠不足和睡眠过度都会加重人的疲惫感，②引发多种疾病，③所以，④通过睡眠如何快速让自己精力充沛，⑤才是问题的关键。
睡眠时长是保证身体正常运转的必要条件。至于每天要睡多久才能保证身体健康，相信喜爱健康科普节目的人，都已经耳熟能详了。实际上，我们所需的睡眠时长是 A 的，有人不睡够9个小时难以清醒，有人睡上4个小时就能活力满满；有人睡了很长时间仍然精神萎靡，有人只要打个盹儿就能 B 。因此，能够保证自己心情舒畅、精神饱满的睡眠时长，就是最适合自己的睡眠时长。
睡眠不足会导致疲劳无法缓解而残留下来，长此以往，疲劳会像负债一样逐渐累积并且利上滚利，掏空你的“家底”，进而引发多种疾病。（ 甲 ）也很简单：在节假日睡到自然醒，记下你的睡眠时长，然后减去工作日的睡眠时长，如果多出2个小时以上，即说明你正处于“睡眠负债”的状态，需要及时补充调整。但另一方面，一次性补充过多的睡眠，又会扰乱人体生物钟，使你的睡眠质量大打折扣，同时引发新的疲劳。所以对于“睡眠负债”，要采取“分期偿还”的方式求得解决。其实，（ 乙 ）。如果质量不佳，睡眠时间再长也难以恢复疲劳。而提高睡眠质量的方法有很多种，如在固定时间起床，以调整身体节律；在睡眠前洗热水澡，以尽量放松身心。只有睡得够，睡得好，坚持不懈，才能从“感觉身心疲惫”成功转化成“感觉棒极了”。
18. 文中第一段用“电”比喻人的精力体力，使用了借喻的修辞手法。请以“云”为本体写一个句子。要求：语意完整，使用借喻；借喻贴切，表达流畅。
19. 请在文中画横线处填入恰当的成语。
20. 文中第一段标序号的部分有两处表述不当，请指出其序号并做修改，使语言准确流畅，逻辑严密，不得改变原意。
21. 请在文中括号内补写恰当的语句，使整段文字语意完整连贯，内容贴切，逻辑严密，每处不超过15个字。
22. 文中画波浪线的“恢复疲劳”，有人说不合逻辑，有人说可以使用。你的看法是什么？请简要说明理由。
四、写作（60分）
23. 阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
随着互联网的普及、人工智能的应用，越来越多的问题能很快得到答案。那么，我们的问题是否会越来越少？
以上材料引发了你怎样的联想和思考？请写一篇文章。
要求：选准角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
答案：
一、现代文阅读（35分）
（一）现代文阅读1（本题共5小题，19分）
【1~5题答案】
【答案】1. B 2. A
3. D 4. ①使用设问句，如“这个结论是正确的吗？我以为是正确的”，能引起读者注意，启发读者思考，强调了结论的正确性；
②使用反问句，如“在这种情况下，难道中国也不能变成优势吗？”增强语气，更加鲜明有力地表达观点，强调了中国可以通过持久战扭转劣势的观点。
5. ①要有全面、宏观的视角，不局限于一时一地，要考虑到各种相关因素和世界局势的变化；
②要客观分析敌我双方的优势与劣势，不盲目乐观或悲观；
③要看到人力、人心等非物质因素的重要性；
④要对战争的不同阶段有清晰认识和科学分析，既不幻想速胜，也不失去信心；
⑤要善于从战略高度思考问题，把握战争的整体走势和发展规律。
（二）现代文阅读Ⅱ（本题共4小题，16分）
【6~9题答案】
【答案】6. B 7. C
8. ①放牛生活给了作者一个自由、放松的少年时代，贴近了自然，拥有了一段无忧无虑快乐美好的回忆；②实现了“我”的少年英雄梦。
9. 观点一：做到了。作者在回忆放牛的经历时，没有过多地赋予意义，而是就事论事，返回到当年的心境里，真实地展现了当时的悲欢和忧乐
观点二：没做到。文中的放牛生活虽然真切，但仍然经过了回忆的过滤甚至重塑，已经被赋予了意义，其中对“放松”“自由”“野孩子”等的强化，读武侠而感叹虚实有无等，渗入了当下经验和现实感受。
二、古代诗文阅读（35分）
（一）文言文阅读（本题共5小题，22分）
【10~14题答案】
【答案】10. ADF
11. C 12. C
13. （1）我愿意亲自率领一支队伍，到兰干山南面去分散单于的兵力，不让他全力对付贰师将军的军队。
（2）李陵说“我是想找一个适当机会来报答汉朝”，只不过是见到苏武义举感到惭愧而找的借口。他的背叛，本来就不是司马迁所能文饰的。
14. ①李陵打仗失败后即投降匈奴；②与降将卫律一道成为单于左膀右臂；③率领大军追击汉军。
（二）古代诗歌阅读（本题共2小题，9分）
【15~16题答案】
【答案】15. D 16. 诗中“变作怒声犹壮伟，滴成细点更清圆”将泉声有时如怒声般壮伟和有时如细点般清圆进行对比，形象地展现了泉声的丰富多变和独特魅力。这种对比的描写方式，使泉声更加具体可感，让读者能更好地领略泉声的美妙。
（三）名篇名句默写（本题共1小题，6分）
【17题答案】
【答案】 ①. 其称文小而其指极大 ②. 举类迩而见义远 ③. 榆柳荫后檐 ④. 桃李罗堂前 ⑤. 汉家烟尘在东北 ⑥. 汉将辞家破残贼（君不闻汉家山东二百州，千村万落生荆杞/汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得）
三、语言文字运用（本题共5小题，18分）
【18~22题答案】
【答案】18. 天空中那一团团棉花糖，洁白、柔软，让人忍不住想要咬上一口。
19. A因人而异；B精神抖擞。
20. ①句修改为：睡眠不足或睡眠过度都会加重人的疲惫感（如果睡眠不足或睡眠过度那么都会加重人的疲惫感）；④句修改为：如何通过睡眠快速让自己精力充沛。
21. （甲）判断自己是否处于“睡眠负债”状态；（乙）睡眠质量也是消除疲劳的重要因素。
22. 示例1：可以使用。“恢复”应理解为使用用法，“恢复疲劳”是强调通过睡眠等方式使疲劳的状态得到缓解和消除，恢复到不疲劳的状态，从这个角度理解是符合逻辑的。（如果认为不合逻辑，可从“恢复”一词的常见语义角度说明，言之成理也可）
四、写作（60分）
【23题答案】
【答案】例文：
无极之外仍是无极
盘古开天辟地，启动了世界运行的按钮。从刀耕火种到互联网普及，从混沌蒙昧到人工智能，时至今日，越来越多的问题能迅速在网上检索到答案。这是否意味着我们可以从思考探索中摆脱出来，问题越来越少呢？窃以为不然。正如汤之问棘：“上下四方有极乎？”棘曰：“无极之外复无极也。”旧的问题得到了解答，新的问题又接踵而至，不断循环可谓无极之外仍是无极。
爱迪生曾说：“一切都是谜，一个谜的答案是另一个谜。”人类本就是一种爱探究原因的生物，600万年以来，哪怕是茹毛饮血，人类从未停止过质疑释疑的脚步。也正是得益于此，代表着人类智慧结晶的互联网和人工智能高效快捷地反哺着人们好奇的胃口，顷刻间便消散了人们心中的疑惑。于是，在本能的驱使下，人们只会“撑一支长篙，向青草更青处漫溯”，问题岂会越来越少？
放眼物理研究，牛顿解答了� 世界便是在这样的回环往复当中，走入了发展的快车道，催生了今天的日新月异！
毋庸置疑，高速发展的时代在全面答疑的同时，的确加速了我们探索的步伐。但是，正如狄更斯所言：“这是一个智慧的年代，这是一个愚蠢的年代。”我们在欣喜于自己越来越智慧的同时，也悲哀地发现很多人开始不自觉地依赖于这些智能产物，彻底地放飞了自我。正所谓“用进废退”，我们心中的问题越来越少，可是身上的问题却越来越多。
不知从何时起，“不懂问度娘”成了我们的口头禅，消减了我们探索的欲望；超级计算机成了我们的新“头脑”，退化了我们运算的功能；移动支付成了我们生活的常态，收起了我们感知的触角；网上购物成了流行的购买方式，钝化了我们交际的灵敏；无人驾驶汽车成了未来的新宠，抽取着我们生活的技能……智能的时代似乎帮我们解决了所有的问题，却也可怕地反噬着我们的能力，让懒惰懈怠的人问题越来越多，也越来越“愚蠢”。
所幸，哲学帮我们解决了这个让人左右为难的问题。“任何事物都具有两面性”，在这无极之外仍是无极的浩瀚空间里，我们既可以自豪于问题激发问题的超能力，又要避免于问题衍生问题的新焦虑，扬长避短，方可在这亘古未有的新时代里逍遥畅游。